# 2.13.1.4 Interpolation

Interpolation is one of the more common mathematical functions performed on data, and Origin supports interpolation in two ways: (1) interpolation of single values and datasets through range notation and (2) interpolation of entire curves by X-Functions.

## Using XY Range

An XY Range (subrange specified by X values is available) once declared can be used as a function. The argument to this function can be a scalar - which returns a scalar - or a vector - which returns a vector. In either case, the X dataset should be increasing or decreasing. For example:

newbook;
wks.ncols = 4;
col(1) = data(1,0,-.05);
col(2) = gauss(col(1),0,.5,.2,100);
range rxy = (1,2);
rxy(.67)=;
range newx = 3; // Use column as X column data
newx = {0, 0.3333, 0.6667, 1.0}; // Create our new X data
range newy = 4; // This is the empty column we will interpolate into
newy = rxy(newx);

You can then use such range variables as a function with the following form:

XYRangeVariable(RangeVariableOrScalar[,connect[,param]])

where connect is one of the following options:

line
straight line connection
spline
spline connection
bspline
b-spline connection

and param is smoothing parameter, which applies only to bspline connection method. If param=-1, then a simple bspline is used, which will give same result as bspline line connection type in line plots. If 'param >=0, the NAG nag_1d_spline_function is used.

 Notes: When using XY range interpolation, you should guarantee there are no duplicated x values if you specify spline or bspline as the connection method. Instead, you can use interpolation X-Functions.

### From Worksheet Data

The following examples show how to perform interpolation using range as function, with data from a worksheet as the argument.

Example1: The following code illustrates the usage of the various smoothing parameters for bspline:

col(1)=data(1,9);              // Fill column 1 with row data
col(2)=normal(9);              // Fill column 2 with random values
col(3)=data(1,9,0.01);         // Fill Col(3) with desired X values
wks.col3.type = 4;
range bb=(1,2);                // Declare range using cols 1,2;
// Compute interpolated values using different parameter settings
loop(i, 4, 10) {
wcol(i)=bb(col(3), bspline, $(i*0.1)); } Example2: With an XY range, new Y values can be obtained at any X value using code such as: // Generate some data newbook; wcol(1)={1, 2, 3, 4}; wcol(2)={2, 3, 5, 6}; // Define XYrange range rr =(1,2); // Find Y value by linear interpolation at a specified X value. rr(1.23) = ; // ANS: rr(1.23)=2.23 // Find Y value by linear interpolation for an array of X values. wcol(3)={1.5, 2.5, 3.5}; range rNewX = col(3); // Add new column to hold the calculated Y values wks.addcol(); wcol(4) = rr(rNewX); Example3: To find X values given Y values, simply reverse the arguments in the examples above. In the case of finding X given Y, the Y dataset should be increasing or decreasing. // Generate some data newbook; wcol(1)={1, 2, 3, 4}; wcol(2)={2, 3, 5, 6}; // Define XYrange range rr =(2,1); //swapping the X and Y // Find X value by linear interpolation at a specified Y value. rr(2.23) = ; // ANS: rr(2.23)=1.23; // Add new column to hold the calculated X values wks.addcol(); range rNewX = wcol(3); // Find X value by linear interpolation for an array of Y values: wcol(4)={2.5, 3.5, 5.5}; range rNewY = wcol(4); rNewX = rr(rNewY); ### From Graph You can also use range interpolation when a graph page is active. Example 1: Interpolate an array of values. // Define range on active plot: range rg = %C; // Interpolate for a scalar value using the line connection style: rg(3.54)=; // Interpolate for an array of values: // Give the location of the new X values: range newX = [Book2]1!1; // Give the location where the new Y values (output) should go: range newY = [Book2]1!2; // Compute the new Y values: newY = rg(newX); Example 2: Specify the interpolation method. // Define range on specific plot: range -wx rWx = 2; // Use X of 2nd plot in active layer range -w rWy = 2; // Use Y of 2nd plot in active layer range rr = (rWx,rWy); // Construct an XY range from two ranges // Give the location where the new X values (output) should go: range newX = [Book2]1!1; newX = {5,15,25}; range newY1 = [Book2]1!2; // Range for new Y range newY2 = [Book2]1!3; // Range for new Y // Find new Y values by linear interpolation for an array of X values: newY1 = rr(newX); // Find new Y values by bspline interpolation for an array of X values: newY2 = rr(newX,bspline); ## Using Arbitrary Dataset For two arbitrary datasets with the same length, where both are increasing or decreasing, Origin allows you to interpolate from one dataset to the other at a given value. The datasets can be a range variable, dataset variable, or column. The form to perform such interpolation is: dataset1(value, dataset2) which will perform interpolation on the group of XY data constructed by dataset2 and dataset1, and it will return the so-called Y (dataset1) value at the given so-called X (dataset2) value. For example: // Using datasets dataset ds1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}; dataset ds2 = {2, 3, 5, 6}; // Return interpolated value in ds2 where X in ds1 is 1.23 ds2(1.23, ds1) = ; // Return 2.23 // Return interpolated value in ds1 where X in ds2 is 5.28 ds1(5.28, ds2) = ; // Return 3.28 // Using ranges newbook; wks.ncols = 3; range r1 = 2; // Column 2 in active worksheet r1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}; range r2 = 3; // Column 3 in active worksheet; r2 = {2, 3, 5, 6}; r2(1.23, r1) = ; r1(5.28, r2) = ; // Using columns col(3)(1.23, col(2)) = ; col(2)(5.28, col(3)) = ; ## Creating Interpolated Curves ### X-Functions for Interpolation of Curves Origin provides three X-Functions for interpolating XY data and creating a new output XY data pair: Name Brief Description interp1xy Perform interpolation of XY data and generate output at uniformly spaced X interp1 Perform interpolation of XY data and generate output at a given set of X values interp1trace Perform interpolation of XY data that is not monotonic in X ### Using Existing X Dataset The following example shows how to use an existing X dataset to find interpolated Y values: // Create a new workbook with specific column designations newbook sheet:=0; newsheet cols:=4 xy:="XYXY"; // Import a sample data file fname$ = system.path.program$+ "Samples\Mathematics\Interpolation.dat"; impasc; // Interpolate the data in col(1) and col(2) with the X values in col(3) range rResult=col(4); interp1 ix:=col(3) iy:=(col(1), col(2)) method:=linear ox:=rResult; //Plot the original data and the result plotxy iy:=col(2) plot:=202 color:=1; plotxy iy:=rResult plot:=202 color:=2 size:=5 ogl:=1; ### Uniformly Spaced X Output The following example performs interpolation by generating uniformly spaced X output: //Create a new workbook and import a data file fname$ = system.path.program$+ "Samples\Mathematics\Sine Curve.dat"; newbook; impasc; //Interpolate the data in column 2 interp1xy iy:=col(2) method:=bspline npts:=50; range rResult = col(3); //Plot the original data and the result plotxy iy:=col(2) plot:=202 color:=1; plotxy iy:=rResult plot:=202 color:=2 size:=5 ogl:=1; ### Interpolating Non-Monotonic Data The following example performs trace interpolation on data where X is not monotonic: //Create a new workbook and import the data file fname$ = system.path.program$+ "Samples\Mathematics\circle.dat"; newbook; impasc; //Interpolate the circular data in column 2 with trace interpolation interp1trace iy:=Col(2) method:=bspline; range rResult= col(4); //Plot the original data and the result plotxy iy:=col(2) plot:=202 color:=1; plotxy iy:=rResult plot:=202 color:=2 size:=1 ogl:=1; Note that the interpolation X-Functions can also be used for extrapolating Y values outside of the X range of the input data. ## Matrix Interpolation The minterp2 X-Function can be used to perform interpolation/extrapolation of matrices. // Create a new matrix book and import sample data; newbook mat:=1; filepath$ = "Samples\Matrix Conversion and Gridding\Direct.dat";
string fname$=system.path.program$ + filepath\$;
impasc;
// Interpolate to a matrix with 10 times the x and y size of the original
range rin = 1; // point to matrix with input data;
int nx, ny;
nx = rin.ncols * 10;
ny = rin.nrows * 10;
minterp2 method:=bicubic cols:=nx rows:=ny ;

OriginPro also offers the interp3 X-Function which can be used to perform interpolation on 4-dimensional scatter data.